![]() 14 Data collected from 349 nurses indicated that 79.5% had been subjected to verbal violence, while 28.6% had been exposed to physical violence. 12 Behaviors such as swearing, shouting, or cursing have been identified as the most common form of verbal abuse 13 and have also been reported as the most violent type of verbal aggression. 10 In one study, 82% of nurses reported verbal abuse as being the most common type of abuse, 11 while 63.9% of nurses had been subjected to some form of verbal abuse by patients. ![]() It is three times more likely to occur than physical violence. Verbal abuse is the most common type of abuse directed toward nurses in health‐care settings. It includes “individuals who have interpersonal relationships with the intended target but no relationship to the business.” Types II and III are the most common in the health‐care industry. In this type, an “individual has a relationship with the business and becomes violent while receiving services.” Type III involves a “worker‐on‐worker” relationship and includes “employees who attack or threaten another employee.” Type IV involves personal relationships. Type I involves “criminal intent.” In this type of workplace violence, “individuals with criminal intent have no relationship to the business or its employees.” Type II involves a customer, client, or patient. University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center 9 classified workplace violence into four basic types: Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV. Violence is defined by the World Health Organization in the World Report on Violence and Health as “the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either result in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation.” 8 This definition emphasizes that a person or group must intend to use force or power against another person or group for an act to be classified as violent. ![]() This study aims to elucidate the nature and form of workplace violence experienced by nurses and develop a precise operational definition of the concept in conjunction with a set of criteria that can be used to identify the phenomenon. Using concept analysis to address the theoretical background to such violence will aid the development of an operational definition that increases the validity of the concept. Furthermore, varying definitions and unclear criteria may lead to nurses failing to identify their experience as a form of workplace violence, which prevents it from being reported.Īpplying the concept analysis method to better understand the violence to which nursing staff are subjected in the workplace will demystify the factors at play, with the underlying intention of preventing such violence. The absence of a universal definition for workplace violence within health‐care settings and the ambiguity about what constitutes a violent event currently compromise research on the prevalence and magnitude of this phenomenon. 5 In 2016, hospitals and health‐care facilities invested $1.1 billion in security and training to prevent violence and had to spend $429 million on insurance, staffing, and medical care due to workplace violence. 6 In addition, there has been an increase in workplace violence in US hospitals, increasing from 2 events per 100 beds in 2012 to 2.8 events per 100 beds in 2015. In the United States, workplace violence increased by 23% to become the second most common fatal event in 2016, 5 accounting for 1.7 million nonfatal assaults and 900 workplace homicides each year. ![]() 2 Nurses, who are primarily responsible for providing life‐saving care to patients are victimized at a significantly higher rate than other health‐care professionals, 3 and it is estimated that workplace violence causes 17.2% of nurses to leave their job every year. 1 Approximately 25% of registered nurses report being physically assaulted by a patient or family member, while over 50% reported exposure to verbal abuse or bullying. Violence against nurses in their workplace is a major global problem that has received increased attention in recent years. ![]()
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